Socio-emotional developement

This glossary is to help people understand more difficult world that, mitgh block people to understand the children

self-concept: A noun; your overall mental image and collection of beliefs about who you are. It answers the fundamental question, “Who am I?” Your self-concept includes your traits, skills, social roles, and values. It is not a fixed list of facts. Instead, it is how you perceive yourself based on your experiences and feedback from others; Example: Tajfel and Turner (1986, cited in Fisher 1998) developed social identity theory, stating that in order to maintain a positive SELF-CONCEPT people construct positive evaluations of their own group in comparison to out-groups, which leads to ethnocentrism and related biases.; fr: Concept de soi
self-image: A noun; A Self-image is the mental picture, idea, or personal conception that you have of yourself, including your physical appearance, abilities, and personality. How you see yourself: Your personal views of your traits, body, and skills.How you think others see you: Your perception of the judgment and feedback of other people.Your ideal self: The person you wish or hope to be.; Example: It is linked to SELF-IMAGE and is associated with lying, betrayal and being false.; fr: Image de soi
self-esteem: A noun; Self-esteem is the overall opinion or value you place on yourself, reflecting how much you respect, accept, and trust your own abilities and worth. Self-Worth: How much you believe you deserve happiness, love, and basic respect simply because you exist.Self-Confidence: Trust in your specific skills, competence, and ability to handle challenges or complete tasks.Self-Acceptance: Embracing your flaws and human imperfections without harsh judgment.; Example: Believing that your body is inadequate and not acceptable to social standards is captured overall by low SELF-ESTEEM.; fr: estime de soi
sociometric status: A noun; a measurement that reflects the degree to which an individual is liked, disliked, or ignored by their peers within a group; Example: It is usefull to know the sociometric status of a kid in a group to help him work in a group; fr: statut sociométrique
proactive aggressiveness: A noun; Proactive aggressiveness (more commonly known in psychology as proactive aggression) is a planned, goal-directed behavior used to gain a reward, power, or control over others without any provocation; Example: A child that is proactive aggressive is because he wants to be popular and his goal is to hurt the other kid; fr: agressivité proactive
reactive aggressiveness: A noun; Reactive aggressiveness (often called reactive aggression) is an impulsive, emotionally driven hostile response to a perceived threat, provocation, or frustration Impulsive and Unplanned: It happens instantly in the heat of the moment rather than being calculated or premeditated.; Example: I approach someone, and he instantly yelled at me to get back, and push me away like I was a danger even if I never hurt him.; fr: agressivité réactive
democratic style: A noun; A democratic style, also known as participating leadership, is a management and leadership approach where a leader actively involves team members in the decision-making process.; Example: After school, the child do the routine that he discuss with his parents because they use a democratic style.; fr: style démocratique
authoritarian style: A noun; An authoritarian style is an approach characterized by demanding complete obedience, enforcing rigid rules, and expecting compliance without input, discussion, or individual freedom; Example: the AUTHORITARIAN STYLE is high in control and maturity demands, but low in nurturance and communication and the authoritative style is high in all four'; fr: style autoritaire
permissive style: A noun; A permissive style is an approach to parenting or classroom management characterized by high emotional warmth and responsiveness paired with very few rules, demands, or structural boundaries; Example: When the kid comes back from school, he doesn't have a routine to follow. He can do whatever he wants.; fr: style permissif
sloppy style: A noun; A sloppy style refers to an approach or presentation that shows a lack of care, precision, neatness, or systematic effort; Example: The child comes home by himself. The parent doesn't care if the child is home or not and he may not even realise if the child is back or not; fr: style négligé
trust or distrust: A noun; is a firm belief in the character, strength, ability, or truth of someone or something, while a distrust is the complete lack of that confidence paired with a strong, active expectation of unreliability, harm, or deception.; Example: The child is completely dependent on others to meet their needs and for that he needs to trust some people and distrust some; fr: confiance ou méfiance
autonomy vs doubt and shame: A noun; Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the second stage of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, occurring in toddlers aged 18 months to 3 years old. Definition: Autonomy is the growing desire to be independent, make choices, and control one's own body and actions. Definition: Shame and doubt happen when a child feels inadequate, overly criticized, or incapable of doing things on their own.; Example: The child understands, through autonomy versus shame and doubt, that they can walk and explore their environment. They can talk and ask for what they want.; fr: autonomie contre honte et doute
Initiative vs guilt: A noun; Initiative vs. guilt is the third stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, occurring in early childhood from roughly ages 3 to 5. Initiative: The desire to plan tasks, try new challenges, lead games, and explore the world. Success in this area builds a sense of purpose and confidence.Guilt: The feeling that arises when a child's efforts are constantly criticized, controlled, or met with harsh punishment. Instead of seeing a mistake as a normal part of learning, the child feels shame and views the mistake as a personal failing.; Example: Initiative and guilt are the age of imagination, creativity, the development of symbolic play, and humor; fr: Initiative contre culpabilité
negativism: A noun; Negativism is an attitude or behavior pattern marked by habitual skepticism, nonconstructive criticism, and a tendency to resist or do the opposite of what is asked; Example: The child can say no only because he didn't choose and not because he doesn't want to.; fr: négativisme
positive reinforcement: A noun; Positive reinforcement is a psychological concept where a desired behavior is strengthened by adding a pleasant or rewarding stimulus right after that behavior occurs, making it more likely to happen again; Example: Not all behavioural therapies use POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT as Skinner suggested though, and negative, punishing therapies have been used for many years.; fr: renforcement positif
negative reinforcement: A noun; Negative reinforcement is a learning process that strengthens a behavior by removing an unpleasant or annoying stimulus; Example: Classical conditioning predicts the aversive event that will follow a certain behavior and operant conditioning "teaches" through NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT, how to prevent the event from occurring.; fr: renforcement négatif
positive punishments: A noun; Positive punishment is a behavioral concept where an unfavorable consequence or unpleasant stimulus is added following an unwanted behavior to decrease the likelihood that the behavior will happen again; Example: A child hit another kid, so you make him do an excuse letter.; fr: punitions positives
Negative punishments: A noun; Negative punishment is a behavioral psychology concept where an unwanted behavior is decreased by taking away a pleasant or desirable stimulus; Example: You took off your child's favorite toys because he hit his brother.; fr: Punitions négatives
Easygoing temperament: A noun; An easygoing temperament is a natural, inborn personality style marked by a relaxed, calm, and adaptable approach to life; Example: A change in his life doesn't stress the kid; fr: Tempérament facile à vivre
Difficult temperament: A noun; A difficult temperament is an innate, biologically based behavioral style where a person—most often an infant or child—reacts intensely, adapts slowly to change, and frequently displays a negative mood; Example: Research has shown that there is a comorbodity between infant sleep problems and developing DIFFICULT TEMPERAMENT; fr: Tempérament difficile